By Jessianne Castle EBS CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
BOZEMAN – While pronghorn are well known
for their blazing speed—they’re second only to the cheetah as the fastest land
animal—they are increasingly gaining repute in the West for one particular
shortcoming: they don’t jump fences.
Pronghorn are a migratory animal evolved
to elude predators by sheer speed and their struggle to pass through fences, as
well as through subdivisions and across roads, has gained the attention of
conservation groups like the Wildlife Conservation Society, Greater Yellowstone
Coalition and National Parks Conservation Association, to name a few, which
often work to remove or modify fencing.
However, efforts to protect migration
corridors require an understanding of the migration pathways themselves. It is
to this end that the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks recently
captured and collared 40 female pronghorn in the Madison Valley as the
beginning of a two-year study into the habits of the local herd.
The Madison Valley is home to
approximately 2,500 pronghorn in winter, but beyond that wildlife managers admit
knowledge is lacking.
“It’s unclear who goes where, what
proportion of the herd is migratory, and how they’re using the landscape and if
there are places where their movement has been impeded by fences [or] roads,”
said FWP research wildlife biologist Kelly Proffitt. “We don’t have any
pronghorn movement information, really, for this part of the state.”
Bozeman area wildlife biologist Julie
Cunningham said she’s curious to learn about herd structure from north to south
or east to west across the Madison Valley.
“These pronghorn can show up in unusual
places, from high elevation in the Gravelly Mountains, to small meadows in the
Hebgen Basin,” Cunningham wrote in an email received by EBS.
The pronghorn will wear collars for two
years and throughout that time the devices will collect fine-scale movement data
during migratory periods and then slow their update rate to provide general location
information in summer and winter. Utilizing this benefit of the advancing
wildlife research technology, biologists will be able to begin mapping in near real
time this spring.
Once movement corridors are identified on
the map, Proffitt said the department will work with landowners to identify
places that can be improved, potentially with fence modification. She also
hopes to integrate a monitoring aspect to the study, through which managers can
follow up with cameras to see if fence modification worked.
A project of local interest that has been
discussed for years, the Madison Valley pronghorn migration study was finally
initiated this year after funding was secured through former Interior Secretary
Ryan Zinke’s Secretarial Order 3362.
This order, signed in February 2018, prioritizes
the conservation of migration pathways and winter ranges for mule deer, elk and
pronghorn in the western U.S. As a part of the order, Zinke awarded the Montana
department with a $300,000 grant, from which $96,000 will be used for the
two-year pronghorn study in the Madison Valley.
